Kusanthula kwaukadaulo wamapulasitiki - pa mfundo yopanga zochulukitsa

Mfundo

Mphamvu yoyambira yotalika ndi yosavuta - sket imazungulira mu mbiya ndikukankhira pulasitiki patsogolo. Screw ndiye mawonekedwe kapena malo otsetsereka omwe amakulungidwa kuzungulira pakati. Cholinga chake ndikuwonjezera kupanikizika kuti athane ndi kukana kwakukulu. Pankhani ya Exprider, pali mitundu itatu yolimbana yomwe ikufunika kugonjetsedwa: Kusakanikirana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono (kudyetsa) motsutsana ndi khoma la ma cylinder musanayambe kuzungulira (malo odyetsa? ); Kutsatira khoma la mbiya; Kutuluka kwamkati kwa kusungunuka kwasungunuka.

Ngati chinthu sichikuyenda motsogozedwa, mphamvu yokhudza chinthucho ndichabwino mbali iyi. Chongani sichimayenda munjira ya axial, ngakhale itha kuzungulira pambuyo pake pafupi ndi kuzungulira. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya Axial pa Scree scree ndi yolondola, ndipo ngati ikugwira ntchito yayikulu kwambiri papulasitiki, imagwiranso ntchito yodziwika bwino kwa chinthucho. Pano, ntchito yogwira ntchito ndikunyamula zomwe zimachita pampando padoko lodyetsa.

Zomangira zambiri zokhala ndi manja akuyenera, monga zomangira ndi ma bolts omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nkhuni ndi makina. Akayang'ana kumbuyo, akuzungulira mbali ina chifukwa amayesa kutulutsa mbiya momwe angathere. M'matambo ena omasulira, zomangira ziwirizo zimazungulira mbali zina m'miyala iwiri ndikuwoloka, ndiye kuti ayenera kukhala woyenera ndipo winayo ayenera kuyatsidwa kumanzere. Mu zomata zina zamapasa zojambula, zomangira ziwirizo zimazungulira mbali yomweyo ndipo ziyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Komabe, mulimonsemo, pali cholembera chopondera chomwe chimatenga mphamvu yakumbuyo, ndipo mfundo ya Newton ikugwirabe ntchito.

2. Mfundo yotentha

Mapulasitiki owonjezera ndi a thermoplastics - amasungunuka atatentha ndikuzikonzanso pakuzizira. Kodi kutentha kwa pulasitiki kumachokera kuti? Kudyetsa motsatsa ndi mbiya / kufa Sodomu Lofunika Kwa Otentha, kupatula kachitidwe kazing'ono, zomangira zothamanga, kutentha kwambiri kusungunulira pulasitiki ndi zochulukirapo.

Pa ntchito zina zonse, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti mbiya chotenthetsera sichofunikira kwambiri pakuchitapo kanthu, motero zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke ndizochepa kuposa momwe timayembekezera (onani mfundo 11). Kutentha kwa post-cylinder kungakhale kofunikira chifukwa kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa zoyenda m'mano kapena mu chakudya. Kutentha kwa mafa ndi nkhungu kuyenera kukhala kutentha kofunikira kapena kuyandikira kwa kutentha kumeneku pokhapokha atagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholinga chofewa, kugawa kwamadzi kapena kuwongolera madzi.

3. Malangizo Osiyanasiyana

M'madera ambiri, kusintha kwa liwiro kumachitika posintha kuthamanga kwagalimoto. Magalimoto nthawi zambiri amazungulira mwachangu kwambiri 1750 rpm, koma izi zimathamanga kwambiri chifukwa cha strace. Ngati ikuzungulira mwachangu, kutentha kwambiri kwa pulasitiki kumapangidwa ndipo nthawi yokhazikika yapulasitiki ndi yochepa kwambiri kuti ikonzekeretse yunifolomu, kusunthidwa bwino. Makina onyenga angapo osiyanasiyana kuyambira pa 10: 1 mpaka 20: 1. Gawo loyamba limatha kukhala magiya kapena pulley, koma gawo lachiwiri limagwiritsa ntchito magiya ndipo chofewa chimayikidwa pakatikati pa zida zomaliza zomaliza.

M'makina ena oyenda pang'onopang'ono (monga mapasa-zomangira za UPVC), pakhoza kukhala magawo atatu onyenga ndipo kuthamanga kwakukulu kumatha kukhala kotsika ngati 30 kapena kotsika (mpaka 60: 1 kuthamanga). Pamalo ena, zomangira zazitali zazitali za kukwiya zimatha kuthamangira 600 rpm kapena mwachangu, motero zimafuna kupembedza kwambiri komanso kuzizira kwambiri.

Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa chinyengo kumachitika ndi ntchitoyi - padzakhala mphamvu zambiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito - ndipo ndizotheka kuwonjezera kupindika pakati pagalimoto ndi gawo loyamba losintha liwiro lalikulu. Izi zimawonjezera liwiro lozungulira pamwamba pa malire am'mbuyomu kapena amachepetsa liwiro lalikulu kuti mugwiritse ntchito makina ochulukirapo. Izi zikuwonjezera mphamvu zomwe zimapezeka, muchepetse Amputage ndikupewa mavuto owonera magalimoto. M'njira zonsezi, kutulutsa kumatha kuchuluka kutengera zinthuzo komanso zosowa zake zozizira.

4. Kudyetsa ngati ozizira

Kutalika kumasinthira mphamvu ya mota, nthawi zina chotenthetsera, pulasitiki zozizira, kuzisintha kokhazikika kuti zisungunuke. Draini yolowetsa ndi yozizira kuposa mbiya ndi screw pamwamba kutentha mu malo odyetsa. Komabe, pamwamba pa mbiya kudera la zakudya zimatsala pang'ono kupitirira pulasitiki. Imakhazikika polumikizana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, koma kutentha kumasungidwa ndi kutentha komwe kunasamutsidwanso kumapeto kotentha ndikuwotcha. Ngakhale kutentha kwakumapeto kumachitika ndi mikangano yowonekayo ndipo palibe kutentha kwa mbiya zomwe zimafunikira, chotenthetsera chikalata chitha kufunidwa. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi katoni wotsika mtengo, womwe umakhala kuti ali ndi HDPE.

Mizu yolumikizidwa imakhazikikanso ndi chakudya ndipo imatulutsidwa ndi khoma la mbiya ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono (ndi mlengalenga pakati pa tinthu tomwe timayamwa). Ngati screw imasiya mwadzidzidzi, chakudya chimasiyanso, ndipo kutentha kumasunthira kuchokera kumapeto kotentha, mawonekedwe a screw amayamba kutentha m'dera. Izi zitha kuyambitsa zomatira kapena kuwongolera tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

5. M'dera lodyetsa, gwiritsitsani silinda ndikutsika pa screw

Pofuna kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zolimba zomwe zimasungidwa mu malo osalala a mbiya imodzi ya screwler imodzi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tikulumikizane ndi mbiya ndikutsikira pa screw. Ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono timamatira muzu wa screw, palibe chomwe chimawakoka; Kuchuluka kwa nkhaniyi ndi kuchuluka kwa zolimba kumachepetsedwa. Chifukwa china cholumikizira mizu ndikuti pulasitiki amatha kutentha kuno ndikupanga ma gels ofanana, kapena amatsatira njira ndikupuma ndi kusintha kwa liwiro.

Plastics ambiri amatsikira mwachilengedwe pamizu chifukwa amazizira akalowa, ndipo mikangano siyitentha mizu kuti iyake makoma ngati makoma. Zipangizo zina zimatha kutsatira anthu ena: zopaka pulasitiki kwambiri, amorphous pet, ndi opitira ophatikizika okhala ndi zomatira ndi zomatira zomwe zimafunidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto.

Kwa mbiya, ndikofunikira kuti pulasitikiyo kuti atsatire apa kuti atulutsidwe ndikukankhira kumbuyo ndi ulusi. Payenera kukhala zolimba kwambiri pakati pa maganya ndi mbiya, ndi zokongoletsa za mikangano zimatengera mwamphamvu ndi kutentha kwa mbiya zakumbuyo. Ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisamamatira, zimangozungulira m'malo osasunthira kutsogolo - ndichifukwa chake kudyetsa mosalala sikwabwino.

Nthaka yamtsogolo si chinthu chokhacho chomwe chikukhudza chakudya. Tinthu tambiri tisagwiranso mbiya kapena muzu wa screw, kotero payenera kukhala mikangano komanso makina olumikizirana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Cylinder ndi mlandu wapadera. Thumba limakhala m'dera lomwe limadyetsedwa ndipo malo odyetserako amasinthidwa kuchokera ku mbiya yotsalira ya mbiya ndipo madzi ambiri amakhazikika. Nkhope imakankhira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timachoka ndikupanga kukakamizidwa kwambiri pa mtunda waufupi. Izi zimawonjezera kuluma kolekemera chotsitsimutsa cha cholembera chomwecho nthawi yomweyo, kotero kuti maliro a kutentha omwe amapangidwa kumapeto kumachepetsedwa ndipo kutentha kwa msuzi ndiwotsika. Izi zitha kutanthauza kupanga mwachangu mumizere yozizira-filimu. Tankiyo ili makamaka yoyenera kwa hdpe, yomwe ndi pulasitiki yofananira yofananira kupatula pulasitiki yojambulidwa.

6. Zokwera mtengo kwambiri

Nthawi zina, ndalama zakuthupi zimatha akaunti ya 80% ya kukwera mtengo kuposa zina zambiri, kupatula zinthu zina zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri munthawi yabwino komanso zotsogola. Chikhalidwechi chino chimabweretsa malingaliro awiri: mapulogalamu ayenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popukutira ndi zopindika kwambiri m'malo mwa zinthu zopangira, komanso kutsatira mosamalitsa kulolerana momwe mungathere kuti mupewe kupatuka kwa chandamale ndi mavuto azogulitsa.

7. Mtengo wa mphamvu ndi wosafunika

Ngakhale kukopa komanso zovuta zenizeni za fakitale kuli pamlingo womwewo chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zokwera, mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuyendetsa extroder ikadali gawo laling'ono la mtengo wonse wopanga. Izi nthawi zonse zimakhala choncho chifukwa mtengo wokwera kwambiri ndi wokwera kwambiri ndipo expreer ndi njira yothandiza. Ngati mphamvu zochuluka kwambiri zimayambitsidwa, pulasitikiyo idzayamba kutentha msanga kuti isakonzedwe moyenera.

8. Kupanikizika kumapeto kwa screw ndikofunikira kwambiri

Kupanikizikaku kumawonetsa kukana kwa zinthu zonse pansi pa screws: Screen Screen ndi mbale yodetsedwa, yosinthira chubu, ngati alipo), ndipo wokumba. Zimatengera sikuti ndi gawo lokha la zinthuzi komanso pa kutentha mu kachitidwe, komwe kumakhudzanso mafayilo akutuluka. Sizitengera zodulira, kupatula pomwe zimakhudza kutentha, mafakisoni ndi kutulutsa. Pazifukwa zotetezera, kutentha kwa kutentha ndikofunikira - ngati kuli kokwera kwambiri, kufa ndi nkhungu imatha kuphulika ndikuvulaza anthu kapena makina.

Kupanikizikako kuli kopindulitsa pakukhumudwa, makamaka pamalo omaliza a screw screw (malo ogwiritsira ntchito). Komabe, kukakamizidwa kwambiri kumatanthauzanso kuti galimoto iyenera kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri - ndipo motero kutentha moto ndikokwera - komwe kumatha kuwuza malire. M'mapazi a mapasa, zomangira ziwirizo ndi mzake ndi wina wina ndi mnzake, motero palibe zovuta zomwe zimafunikira pacholinga ichi.

Popanga zigawo za rolooloo, monga machubu opangidwa kuchokera ku kangaude wopangidwa ndi kangaude pogwiritsa ntchito mabatani, kukakamizidwa kwambiri kuyenera kupangidwa mkati mwa nkhungu. Kupanda kutero, mankhwalawo m'mbali mwa weld atha kukhala ofooka komanso mavuto akhoza kuchitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito.

9. Kutulutsa = Kusanja kwa ulusi womaliza / - kupanikizana koyenda ndi kutayikira

Kusamuka kwa ulusi womaliza kumatchedwa kuti umayenda bwino ndipo umadalira kokha pa geometry ya screw screw, liwiro ndi kupasuka. Imakonzedwanso ndi kukakamizidwa komwe kumaphatikizapo kukolola komwe kumachepetsa kutulutsa (komwe kumawonetsa ndi kupanikizika kwambiri) ndi kupanikizika kulikonse mu chakudya chomwe chimawonjezera kutulutsa. Kutulutsa ulusi ukhoza kukhala mbali ziwiri.

Ndikofunikanso kuwerengera zotsatirazo pa rpm (kuzungulira) popeza izi zikuyimira dontho lililonse pakupopera mphamvu ya screw nthawi imodzi. Kuwerengera kwina ndi kutulutsa kwa kavalo kapena kilowatt ntchito. Izi zikuyimira bwino ntchito ndipo imatha kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa popanga galimoto yopatsidwa ndi kuyendetsa.

10. Chiwopsezo cha Shear chimagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuwonekera

Mapulasitiki onse odziwika bwino amakhala ndi misempha yotsika mtengo, kutanthauza kuti mafayilo amakhala otsika pomwe pulasitiki amasuntha mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Zotsatira za mapulasikisi ena zimawonekera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ma pvc ena amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa maluwa ndi chinthu cha 10 kapena kupitilira apo chikaphulika. M'malo mwake, mphamvu ya LDPE Shear sizichepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo zowoneka bwino zimangowonjezedwa ndi 3 mpaka 4 pomwe pamalingaliro amawonjezeredwa. Kuchepetsa kuchepetsedwa kumatanthauza ufa wowonjezereka motalika, zomwe zimatanthawuza mphamvu zambiri zamagalimoto zimafunikira. Izi zitha kufotokozera chifukwa chake LDPPE imagwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuposa ldpe. Kuchuluka kwake kumafotokozedwa mu Shear, pafupifupi 100 s-1 mu screw njira yocheperako, pakati pa 100 s-1 mu kusiyana pakati pa ulusi ndi khomalo kufa mipata. Sungunulani kotekeseka ndi njira yogwiritsidwira ntchito ma visctsion koma imasinthidwa (mwachitsanzo, poyenda / mascho popewa / kutuluka). Tsoka ilo, muyeso suli muyeso weniweni mu extreder yokhala ndi mitsuko ya 10 s-1 kapena yocheperako komanso yosalala kwambiri.

11. Galimoto ili moyang'anizana ndi silinda, ndipo silinda ili moyang'anizana ndi mota.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji mphamvu zowongolera za silinda ndizofanana nthawi zonse monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, makamaka m'malo mwake? Ngati silinda limatenthedwa, silinda